A Short Grammar of Classical Greek: Small Verbs in -μι and Verbs in -νυμι

104. 1. φημί say, affirm, st. φη‑, φᾰ‑, Lat. fā‑ri, collateral form φάσκω.

Note 1.—The whole of the pres. ind. except φῄς is enclitic. 9, 1. Note 2.—φάναι and the impf. ἔφην have also the force of aorists. Note 3.—φημί means a) say, declare: fut. ἐρῶ, λέξω, aor. εἶπον, ἔφην. b) say yes, assent: fut. φήσω, aor. ἔφησα.

οὐ φημί = nego, say no, refuse, deny.

1. εἶμι shall go, st. εἰ‑, ἰ‑, Latin ī‑re, ĭ‑ter.

| Infin. ἰ‑έναι | Part. ἰ‑ών, ἰ‑οῦσα, ἰ‑όν; G. ἰ‑όντος, ἰ‑ούσης | Verb. Adj. ἰ‑τέον | | --- | --- | --- |

Note 1.—The pres. ind. has always a future meaning; the opt., inf. and part. have sometimes future, sometimes present force. Note 2.—Note the accent in compounds: e.g. ἄπειμι, ἄπιμεν, ἄπιθι, but ἀπῇα, ἀπῇμεν, ἀπῇσαν (99, 4).

1. εἰμί am, st. ἐσ‑, Lat. es‑se.

Note 1.—The whole present ind. (except εἶ) is enclitic when it is merely the copula, but orthotoned when it means: to exist, to be (in a certain state or condition). Note 2.—In this latter case, the 3. p. sing. is: ἔστιν, as also in the meaning it is possible (= ἔξεστι(ν)) and after ὡς, οὐκ, εἰ, καί, as well as after τοῦτ’ and ἀλλ’: ὡς ἔστιν, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν, ἀλλ’ ἔστιν. Note 3.—Accentuation of the compounds: e.g. ἄπειμι, ἄπει, ἄπεστιν, ἄπισθι, but ἀπῶ, ἀπεῖμεν, ἀπῆμεν, ἀπέσται.

1. Χρὴ it is necessary, one must (ought).

From a combination of the noun χρὴ (sc. ἐστὶν opus est) and certain forms of εἰμί the following forms result:

impf. χρῆν and ἐχρῆν; subj. χρῇ; opt. χρείη; inf. χρῆναι; part. τὸ χρεών (indecl.).

1. κάθημαι am seated, st. ἡσ‑, καθη(σ)‑; and
2. κεῖμαι lie, iaceo, st. κει‑ are thus inflected:

Inf. καθῆ‑σθαι  Part. καθήμενος  Fut. καθεδοῦμαι, ‑ῇ (112, 14). Inf. κεῖ‑σθαι  Part. κείμενος  Fut. κείσομαι, ‑σῃ, ‑σεται etc.

Note 1.—The simple ἧμαι, ἧσαι, ἧσται is poetic. Like the future, the subj. and opt. are supplied by καθέζομαι (112, 14). Note 2.—Both the simple κεῖσθαι and its compounds serve as perf. pass. of τίθημι (100, 1); e.g. ὑποτίθημι lay under, — ὑπόκειται it underlies; νόμους τιθέασι οἱ ἄρχοντες, — οἱ νόμοι κεῖνται; θέσθαι τὰ ὅπλα ἐκέλευσεν, — τὰ ὅπλα ἔκειτο. Note 3.—A list of forms of like or similar sound of ἵημι, ἵστημι, οἶδα, εἶμι, εἰμί, κάθημαι.

παρέν, παρῆν, πάρες, πάρε 2, παρῇ, παρῇ 3, παρῇ, παρεῖ 2, παρεῖν 2, ἀφῇ, ἀφῇ, παρῇ. παρές, παρεῖεν 2, πάρεσον 2, παρέσθαι, ἀφέσθαι, ἀπέσον 2, παρῶσιν, παρῶσιν, παρόντων.

ἴδῃ, ἴδῃ 2, ἴδε, ἴστε, παρῆτε 3, παρῆτε, παρεῖτε, παρεῖτε 2, παρεῖται, παρεῖτο 3, παρεῖεν, παρεῖν 2, ἴτε, ἴσθι, ἴστω, ἴη, ἴη 2, ἴης, ἴητε, ἴησθε, ἴεσθε, εἷεν.

ἔστε, ἔστε, ἔστη, ἵστη 2, ἵστα, ἔσεσθαι, εἴσεσθαι 2, εἰσέσεσθαι, εἰσέσεσθαι, εἶσι, εἶσι 2, ἔσονται, ἔσονται 2, ἱστάναι, ἕστασαν, ἕστασαν, ἕστασιν, ἕστασιν, ἔστησαν, ἔστησαν 2.

ἧμαι, ἧσαι, ἧται, καθῆμαι, καθήσεσθαι, καθεδοῦνται, καθήσεται, καθήσεσθαι.

(точные значения в книге не поясняются — это просто список форм.)

105. 1. They are inflected like the verbs in ‑μι in the present and imperfect of the active, middle and passive; the subj. and optative always, other forms sometimes, follow the ‑ω inflection; e.g. δεικνύει = δεικνῦσιν, ἐδείκνυε = ἐδείκνῡ etc.

1. The υ of the syllable ‑νῡ is long in the sing. of the pres. and impf. ind., as well as in the 2. p. sing. imper. active; elsewhere it is short.

3. Paradigm: δείκ‑νῡμι show. Verb stem δεικ‑, present stem δεικ‑νῡ‑.

Future: Act. δείξω, Mid. δείξομαι, Pass. δειχθήσομαι. Aorist: Act. ἔ‑δειξα, Mid. ἐδειξάμην, Pass. ἐδείχθην. Perfect: Act. δε‑δείχ‑α, Mid. δε‑δείγ‑μαι.

a) Stems with final A‑sound

b) Stems with final O‑sound

c) Stems ending in ‑γ

d) Stems ending in a liquid