AKRO
VERBS IN -μι OF A DIFFERENT FORMATION
1. φημί say, affirm, st. φη-, φᾱ-, Lat. fā-ri,
collateral form φάσκω.
| Present Ind. | Imperfect | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| φη-μί φής (φῄς) φη-σί(ν) φᾱ-μέν φᾱ-τέ φᾱσί(ν) | ἔ-φη-ν ἔ-φη-σθα ἔ-φη ἔ-φᾱ-μεν ἔ-φᾱ-τε ἔ-φᾱ-σαν | φῶ φῇ-ς φῇ φῶ-μεν φῆ-τε φῶσι(ν) | φαίη-ν φαίη-ς φαίη φαί-μεν φαί-τε φαίε-ν | φά-θι φά-τω φά-τε φά-ντων |
| Infin. | φά-ναι |
|---|---|
| Partic. | (φάς) or φάσκων |
| Fut. | φή-σω |
| Aor. | ἔ-φη-σα |
Note 1. — The whole of the pres. ind. except φής is enclitic. 9, 1.
Note 2. — φάναι and the impf. ἔφην have also the force of aorists.
Note 3. — φημί means a) say, declare: fut. ἐρῶ, λέξω, aor. εἶπον, ἔφην.
b) say yes, assent: fut. φήσω, aor. ἔφησα.
οὔ φημι = nego, say no, refuse, deny.
2. εἶμι shall go, st. εἰ-, ἰ-, Latin ī-re, ī-ter.
| Present Ind. | Imperfect | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| εἰ-μι shall go εἶ εἰ-σι(ν) ἴ-μεν ἴ-τε ἰ-ᾱσι(ν) | ᾖ-α went ᾔ-εις ᾔ-ει ᾖ-μεν ᾖ-τε ᾖ-σαν | ἴ-ω (that) I may go ἴ-ῃ-ς ἴ-ῃ ἴ-ω-μεν ἴ-η-τε ἴ-ωσι(ν) | ἴ-οι-μι ἴ-οι-ς ἴ-οι ἴ-οι-μεν ἴ-οι-τε ἴ-οιε-ν | ἴ-θι ἴ-τω ἴ-τε ἰ-ό-ντων |
| Infin. | ἰ-έναι |
|---|---|
| Part. | ἰ-ών, ἰ-οῦσα, ἰ-όνG. ἰ-όντος, ἰ-ούσης |
| Verb. Adj. | ἰ-τέον |
Note 1. — The pres. ind. has always a future meaning; the opt., inf. and part. have sometimes future, sometimes present force.
Note 2. — Note the accent in compounds:
e.g. ἄπειμι, ἄπιμεν, ἄπιθι,
but ἀπῆα, ἀπῄμεν, ἀπῆσαν (99, 4).
3. εἰμί am, st. ἐσ-, Lat. es-se.
| Pres. Ind. | Imperfect | Subjunctive | Optative | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| εἰμί εἶ ἐσ-τί(ν) ἐσ-μέν ἐσ-τέ εἰσί(ν) | ἦν (ἦ) ἦσθα ἦν ἦμεν ἦτε (ἦσ-τε) ἦσαν | ὦ (from ἐσ-ω) ᾖ-ς ᾖ ὦ-μεν ᾖ-τε ὦσι(ν) | εἴη-ν (from ἐσ-ιη-ν) εἴη-ς εἴη εἴη-μεν εἶ-μεν εἴη-τε εἴη-σαν εἰε-ν | ἴσ-θι ἔσ-τω ἔσ-τε ἔσ-των |
| Infin. | εἶναι (from ἐσ-ναι) |
|---|---|
| Part. | ὤν, οὖσα, ὄνG. ὄντος, οὔσης |
| Future | ἔσομαι, ἔσῃ (ἔσει); 3. p. sing. ἔσ-ται; otherwise regular |
Note 1. — The whole present ind. (except εἶ) is enclitic when it is merely the copula, but orthotoned when it means: to exist, to be (in a certain state or condition).
Note 2. — In this latter case, the 3. p. sing. is: ἔστιν, as also in the meaning: it is possible (= ἔξεστι(ν)) and after ὡς, οὐκ, εἰ, καί, as well as after τοῦτ᾽ and ἀλλ᾽: ὡς ἔστιν, τοῦτ᾽ ἔστιν, ἀλλ᾽ ἔστιν.
Note 3. — Accentuation of the compounds:
e.g. ἄπειμι, ἄπει, ἄπεστιν, ἄπιθι,
but ἀπῶ, ἀπείμεν, ἀπήμην, ἀπέσται.
4. χρή it is necessary, one must (ought).
From a combination of the noun χρεών (sc. ἐστὶν opus est) and certain forms of εἰμί the following forms result:
impf. χρῆν and ἐχρῆν; subj. χρῆ; opt. χρείη;
inf. χρῆναι; part. τὸ χρεών (indecl.).
5. κάθημαι am seated, st. ἡσ-, καθῆ(σ)-; and
6. κεῖμαι lie, iaceo, st. κει- are thus inflected:
| Present | Imperfect | Imperative | Present | Imperfect | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| κάθη-μαι κάθη-σαι κάθη-ται etc. | ἐ-κάθη-μην ἐ-κάθη-σο ἐ-κάθη-το etc. | κάθη-σο κάθη-σθω etc. | κεῖ-μαι κεῖ-σαι κεῖ-ται etc. | ἐ-κεῖ-μην ἐ-κεῖ-σο ἐ-κεῖ-το etc. | κεῖ-σο κεῖ-σθω etc. |
| Inf. | καθή-σθαι | κεῖ-σθαι |
|---|---|---|
| Part. | καθή-μενος | κεῖ-μενος |
| Fut. | καθεδοῦμαι, -ῇ (112, 14) | κείσομαι, -σῃ, -σεται etc. |
Note 1. — The simple ἧμαι, ἧσαι, ἧται is poetic. Like the future, the subj. and opt. are supplied by καθέζομαι (112, 14).
Note 2. — Both the simple κεῖσθαι and its compounds serve as perf. pass. of τίθημι (100, 1);
e.g. ὑποτίθημι lay under, — ὑπόκειται it underlies;
νόμους τιθέασιν οἱ ἄρχοντες, — οἱ νόμοι κεῖνται,
θέσθαι τὰ ὅπλα ἐκέλευσεν, — τὰ ὅπλα ἔκειτο.
Note 3. — A list of forms of like or similar sound of ἵημι, ἵστημι, οἶδα, εἶμι, εἰμί, κάθημαι.
παρέν, παρῆν, πάρες, πάρει 2, παρή, παρῆ 3, παρίη, παρῇ 2, παρείη 2, ἀφείη, ἀπείη, παρήει.
παρείς, παρείεν 2, πάρεστιν 2, παρείσιν, ἀφείσιν, ἄπεισιν 2, παριᾱσιν, παρίᾱσιν, παρίωσιν, παριοῦσιν, παροῦσιν.
ἴθι, ἴσθι 2, ἴτε 2, ἴστε 2, ἔτε, παρῆτε 3, παρῆτε, παρείτε 2, παρείται, παρείτο 3, παρείητε 2, ἦτε, ἤτε, ἤτε 2, ἦστε, ἤσθε 3, ἔσθε, εἴσθε 5.
εἰστέ, ἔστε, ἔστη, ἴστη 2, ἔσται, ἔσεσθαι, εἴσεσθε 2, εἴσεσθαι, εἴσεσθαι, εἰσεί- σθε 5, εἰσείσθαι, καθέσθαι, καθεῖσθαι, καθήσθαι, ἤσεσθαι.
ἴστασαν, ἔστασαν, ἱστάσαν, ἑστῶσαν, παρίεσαν, παρείσαν 2, ἤσαν, ἦσαν, καθή- σον, καθῆσο, κάθεσθε, κάθησθε, καθεῖσθε 5.
Which of these forms may belong to other verbs than the above-named, and to what verbs?