Древнегреческий · Грамматики

A Short Grammar of Classical Greek: Peculiarities of Regular Verbs and Voices

A Short Grammar of Classical Greek with Tables for Repetition, by Adolf Kaegi, professor at Zurich University. Authorized English Edition for High Schools, Academies, and Colleges, by James A. Kleist, S. J. 2nd, revised, and enlarged edition. St. Louis, Mo. Published by B. Herder: 1905.

Английский Грамматика Начальный 20 век Adolf Kaegi James A. Kleist

Verb	Gloss	Fut. / Fut. pass.	Aorist / Aor. pass.	Perfect / Perf. pass.	Verbal adj. / Remark
γελάω	laugh	γελάσομαι	ἐγέλασα	γεγέλακα	γελαστός
	pass.	γελασθήσομαι	ἐγελάσθην	γεγέλασμαι	laughable
σπάω	draw	σπάσω	ἔσπασα	ἔσπᾱκα	σπαστός
		σπασθήσομαι	ἐσπάσθην	ἔσπασμαι	drawn
τελέω	finish	τελῶ, ‑εῖς	ἐτέλεσα	τετέλεκα	ἀτέλεστος
		τελεσθήσομαι	ἐτελέσθην	τετέλεσμαι	unfinished
αἰδέομαι	stand in awe of	αἰδέσομαι	ᾐδέσθην	ᾔδεσμαι	
D.P.					
ἀρκέω	suffice	ἀρκέσω	ἤρκεσα

The compounds of αἰνέω, speak in favorable terms of, approve, retain the short vowel through all the tenses that are most in use, but have no σ inserted. Thus especially

ἐπ‑αινέω praise, ἐπ‑αινέσομαι, ἐπ‑ῄνεσα, ἐπ‑ῄνεκα, ἐπ‑ῃνέθην. παρ‑αινέω encourage, παρ‑αινέσω, παρ‑ῄνεσα, παρ‑ῄνεκα, παρ‑ῃνέθην.

There is a short vowel in some tenses, but without σ, in:

markdown
| Verb	| Gloss	| Fut. / Fut. pass.	| Aorist / Aor. pass.	| Perfect / Perf. pass.	| Verbal adj. / Remark |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| δέω	| bind	| δήσω	| ἔδησα	| δέδεκα	| δετός	|
|	| pass.	| δεθήσομαι	| ἐδέθην	| δέδεμαι	|	|
| θύω	| sacrifice	| θύσω	| ἔθῡσα	| τέθῡκα	|	|
|	|	| τυθήσομαι	| ἐτύθην 21, 1	| τέθῡμαι	|	|
| λύω	| loose	| λύσω	| ἔλυσα	| λέλυκα	| λυτός	|
|	|	| λυθήσομαι	| ἐλύθην	| λέλυμαι	|	|
| δύω (trans.) | cause to sink | δύσω	| ἔδῡσα	|	|	|
|	|	| δυθήσομαι	| ἐδύθην	| δέδῡμαι	|	|
| δύομαι (intr.) | sink	| δύσομαι	| ἔδυν 102	| δέδῡκα	|	|

Some verbs have σ after the lengthened vowel or diphthong (either in all, or at least in some forms of the passive):

κελεύω bid, κεκελευσμαι, ἐκελεύσθην, κελευστός, κλείω (κλῄω) shut, κέκλειμαι, ἐκλείσθην, κλειστός, χρίω anoint, κέχρῑμαι, ἐχρίσθην, χρῑστός, χράομαι use, κέχρημαι, ἐχρήσθην, χρῆστος.

Verbs with Several of the Above Peculiarities

They are formed from stems that are not altogether different.

markdown
| # | Verb	| Gloss	| Stem	| Fut. / Fut. pass.	| Aorist / Aor. pass.	| Perfect / Perf. pass.	| Remark	|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | ἕλκω	| pull, drag	| ἕλκ‑	| ἕλξω	| εἷλκυσα	| εἷλκυκα	|	|
|	|	|	| ἕλκυ(σ)‑	| ἑλκυσθήσομαι	| ἑλκύσθην	| εἱλκυσμαι	|	|
| 2 | καίω / κάω	| burn, trans. (often κατά‑) | και‑, κα‑, καν‑ | καύσω	| ἔκαυσα	| κέκαυκα	| ἄκαυ(σ)τος	|
|	| never contracted |	| καυ‑	| καυθήσομαι	| ἐκαύθην	| κέκαυμαι	|	|
| 3 | σῴζω	| save	| σωδ‑	| σώσω	| ἔσῳσα	| σέσωκα	|	|
|	| mid.	| save for myself	| σω‑	| σώσομαι	| ἐσωσάμην	|	|	|
|	| pass.	| am saved, save myself |	| σωθήσομαι	| ἐσώθην	| σέσῳσμαι (σέσῳ[σ]μαι)	|	|
| 4 | βάλλω	| throw	| βαλ‑	| βαλῶ, ‑εῖς	| ἔβαλον	| βέβληκα	|	|
|	| mid.	|	| βλη‑	| βαλoῦμαι, ‑ῇ	| ἐβαλόμην	|	|	|
|	| pass.	|	|	| βληθήσομαι	| ἐβλήθην	| βέβλημαι	|	|
| 5 | καλέω	| call, name	| καλ‑	| καλῶ, ‑εῖς	| ἐκάλεσα	| κέκληκα	|	|
|	| mid.	|	| κλη‑	| καλoῦμαι, ‑ῇ	| ἐκαλεσάμην	| κέκλημαι	| my name is	|
|	| pass.	|	|	| κληθήσομαι	| ἐκλήθην	| κέκλημαι	|	|

(В таблице переданы формы согласно PDF; там часть ступеней сокрещена, здесь сведено компактно, без добавления новых форм.)

Дополнительная таблица (конец страницы 69):

markdown
| # | Verb	| Gloss	| Stem | Fut. / Fut. pass. | Aorist	| Perfect	|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 | κρίνω	| judge	| κρῑν | κρινῶ, ‑εῖς	| ἔκρῑνα	| κέκρῑκα	|
|	| pass.	|	| κριθ‑| κριθήσομαι	| ἐκρίθην	| κέκρῑμαι |
| 7 | τείνω	| stretch | τεν‑ | τενῶ, ‑εῖς	| ἔτεινα	| τέτακα	|
|	| pass.	|	| τα‑	| ταθήσομαι	| ἐτάθην	| τέταμαι	|

Regular verb paradigms and passive forms

Regular verb paradigms and passive forms

Verb	Gloss	Fut. / Fut. pass.	Aorist / Aor. pass.	Perfect / Perf. pass.	Verbal adj. / Remark
γελάω	laugh	γελάσομαι	ἐγέλασα	γεγέλακα	γελαστός
	pass.	γελασθήσομαι	ἐγελάσθην	γεγέλασμαι	laughable
σπάω	draw	σπάσω	ἔσπασα	ἔσπᾱκα	σπαστός
		σπασθήσομαι	ἐσπάσθην	ἔσπασμαι	drawn
τελέω	finish	τελῶ, ‑εῖς	ἐτέλεσα	τετέλεκα	ἀτέλεστος
		τελεσθήσομαι	ἐτελέσθην	τετέλεσμαι	unfinished
αἰδέομαι	stand in awe of	αἰδέσομαι	ᾐδέσθην	ᾔδεσμαι	
D.P.					
ἀρκέω	suffice	ἀρκέσω	ἤρκεσα

Verb	Gloss	Fut. / Fut. pass.	Aorist / Aor. pass.	Perfect / Perf. pass.	Verbal adj. / Remark
γελάω	laugh	γελάσομαι	ἐγέλασα	γεγέλακα	γελαστός
	pass.	γελασθήσομαι	ἐγελάσθην	γεγέλασμαι	laughable
σπάω	draw	σπάσω	ἔσπασα	ἔσπᾱκα	σπαστός
		σπασθήσομαι	ἐσπάσθην	ἔσπασμαι	drawn
τελέω	finish	τελῶ, ‑εῖς	ἐτέλεσα	τετέλεκα	ἀτέλεστος
		τελεσθήσομαι	ἐτελέσθην	τετέλεσμαι	unfinished
αἰδέομαι	stand in awe of	αἰδέσομαι	ᾐδέσθην	ᾔδεσμαι
D.P.
ἀρκέω	suffice	ἀρκέσω	ἤρκεσα

§5

Compounds of αἰνέω

Compounds of αἰνέω

The compounds of αἰνέω, speak in favorable terms of, approve, retain the short vowel through all the tenses that are most in use, but have no σ inserted. Thus especially

ἐπ‑αινέω praise, ἐπ‑αινέσομαι, ἐπ‑ῄνεσα, ἐπ‑ῄνεκα, ἐπ‑ῃνέθην. παρ‑αινέω encourage, παρ‑αινέσω, παρ‑ῄνεσα, παρ‑ῄνεκα, παρ‑ῃνέθην.

The compounds of αἰνέω, speak in favorable terms of, approve, retain the short vowel through all the tenses that are most in use, but have no σ inserted. Thus especially

ἐπ‑αινέω praise, ἐπ‑αινέσομαι, ἐπ‑ῄνεσα, ἐπ‑ῄνεκα, ἐπ‑ῃνέθην. παρ‑αινέω encourage, παρ‑αινέσω, παρ‑ῄνεσα, παρ‑ῄνεκα, παρ‑ῃνέθην.

§6

Verbs with short vowel but no σ

Verbs with short vowel but no σ

There is a short vowel in some tenses, but without σ, in:

markdown
| Verb	| Gloss	| Fut. / Fut. pass.	| Aorist / Aor. pass.	| Perfect / Perf. pass.	| Verbal adj. / Remark |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| δέω	| bind	| δήσω	| ἔδησα	| δέδεκα	| δετός	|
|	| pass.	| δεθήσομαι	| ἐδέθην	| δέδεμαι	|	|
| θύω	| sacrifice	| θύσω	| ἔθῡσα	| τέθῡκα	|	|
|	|	| τυθήσομαι	| ἐτύθην 21, 1	| τέθῡμαι	|	|
| λύω	| loose	| λύσω	| ἔλυσα	| λέλυκα	| λυτός	|
|	|	| λυθήσομαι	| ἐλύθην	| λέλυμαι	|	|
| δύω (trans.) | cause to sink | δύσω	| ἔδῡσα	|	|	|
|	|	| δυθήσομαι	| ἐδύθην	| δέδῡμαι	|	|
| δύομαι (intr.) | sink	| δύσομαι	| ἔδυν 102	| δέδῡκα	|	|

There is a short vowel in some tenses, but without σ, in:

```markdown
\| Verb	\| Gloss	\| Fut. / Fut. pass.	\| Aorist / Aor. pass.	\| Perfect / Perf. pass.	\| Verbal adj. / Remark \|
\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|
\| δέω	\| bind	\| δήσω	\| ἔδησα	\| δέδεκα	\| δετός	\|
\|	\| pass.	\| δεθήσομαι	\| ἐδέθην	\| δέδεμαι	\|	\|
\| θύω	\| sacrifice	\| θύσω	\| ἔθῡσα	\| τέθῡκα	\|	\|
\|	\|	\| τυθήσομαι	\| ἐτύθην 21, 1	\| τέθῡμαι	\|	\|
\| λύω	\| loose	\| λύσω	\| ἔλυσα	\| λέλυκα	\| λυτός	\|
\|	\|	\| λυθήσομαι	\| ἐλύθην	\| λέλυμαι	\|	\|
\| δύω (trans.) \| cause to sink \| δύσω	\| ἔδῡσα	\|	\|	\|
\|	\|	\| δυθήσομαι	\| ἐδύθην	\| δέδῡμαι	\|	\|
\| δύομαι (intr.) \| sink	\| δύσομαι	\| ἔδυν 102	\| δέδῡκα	\|	\|

§7

Verbs with σ after lengthened vowel or diphthong

Verbs with σ after lengthened vowel or diphthong

Some verbs have σ after the lengthened vowel or diphthong (either in all, or at least in some forms of the passive):

κελεύω bid, κεκελευσμαι, ἐκελεύσθην, κελευστός, κλείω (κλῄω) shut, κέκλειμαι, ἐκλείσθην, κλειστός, χρίω anoint, κέχρῑμαι, ἐχρίσθην, χρῑστός, χράομαι use, κέχρημαι, ἐχρήσθην, χρῆστος.

Some verbs have σ after the lengthened vowel or diphthong (either in all, or at least in some forms of the passive):

κελεύω bid, κεκελευσμαι, ἐκελεύσθην, κελευστός, κλείω (κλῄω) shut, κέκλειμαι, ἐκλείσθην, κλειστός, χρίω anoint, κέχρῑμαι, ἐχρίσθην, χρῑστός, χράομαι use, κέχρημαι, ἐχρήσθην, χρῆστος.

§92

Verbs with Several of the Above Peculiarities

Verbs with Several of the Above Peculiarities

They are formed from stems that are not altogether different.

markdown
| # | Verb	| Gloss	| Stem	| Fut. / Fut. pass.	| Aorist / Aor. pass.	| Perfect / Perf. pass.	| Remark	|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | ἕλκω	| pull, drag	| ἕλκ‑	| ἕλξω	| εἷλκυσα	| εἷλκυκα	|	|
|	|	|	| ἕλκυ(σ)‑	| ἑλκυσθήσομαι	| ἑλκύσθην	| εἱλκυσμαι	|	|
| 2 | καίω / κάω	| burn, trans. (often κατά‑) | και‑, κα‑, καν‑ | καύσω	| ἔκαυσα	| κέκαυκα	| ἄκαυ(σ)τος	|
|	| never contracted |	| καυ‑	| καυθήσομαι	| ἐκαύθην	| κέκαυμαι	|	|
| 3 | σῴζω	| save	| σωδ‑	| σώσω	| ἔσῳσα	| σέσωκα	|	|
|	| mid.	| save for myself	| σω‑	| σώσομαι	| ἐσωσάμην	|	|	|
|	| pass.	| am saved, save myself |	| σωθήσομαι	| ἐσώθην	| σέσῳσμαι (σέσῳ[σ]μαι)	|	|
| 4 | βάλλω	| throw	| βαλ‑	| βαλῶ, ‑εῖς	| ἔβαλον	| βέβληκα	|	|
|	| mid.	|	| βλη‑	| βαλoῦμαι, ‑ῇ	| ἐβαλόμην	|	|	|
|	| pass.	|	|	| βληθήσομαι	| ἐβλήθην	| βέβλημαι	|	|
| 5 | καλέω	| call, name	| καλ‑	| καλῶ, ‑εῖς	| ἐκάλεσα	| κέκληκα	|	|
|	| mid.	|	| κλη‑	| καλoῦμαι, ‑ῇ	| ἐκαλεσάμην	| κέκλημαι	| my name is	|
|	| pass.	|	|	| κληθήσομαι	| ἐκλήθην	| κέκλημαι	|	|

(В таблице переданы формы согласно PDF; там часть ступеней сокрещена, здесь сведено компактно, без добавления новых форм.)

They are formed from stems that are not altogether different.

```markdown
\| # \| Verb	\| Gloss	\| Stem	\| Fut. / Fut. pass.	\| Aorist / Aor. pass.	\| Perfect / Perf. pass.	\| Remark	\|
\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|
\| 1 \| ἕλκω	\| pull, drag	\| ἕλκ‑	\| ἕλξω	\| εἷλκυσα	\| εἷλκυκα	\|	\|
\|	\|	\|	\| ἕλκυ(σ)‑	\| ἑλκυσθήσομαι	\| ἑλκύσθην	\| εἱλκυσμαι	\|	\|
\| 2 \| καίω / κάω	\| burn, trans. (often κατά‑) \| και‑, κα‑, καν‑ \| καύσω	\| ἔκαυσα	\| κέκαυκα	\| ἄκαυ(σ)τος	\|
\|	\| never contracted \|	\| καυ‑	\| καυθήσομαι	\| ἐκαύθην	\| κέκαυμαι	\|	\|
\| 3 \| σῴζω	\| save	\| σωδ‑	\| σώσω	\| ἔσῳσα	\| σέσωκα	\|	\|
\|	\| mid.	\| save for myself	\| σω‑	\| σώσομαι	\| ἐσωσάμην	\|	\|	\|
\|	\| pass.	\| am saved, save myself \|	\| σωθήσομαι	\| ἐσώθην	\| σέσῳσμαι (σέσῳ[σ]μαι)	\|	\|
\| 4 \| βάλλω	\| throw	\| βαλ‑	\| βαλῶ, ‑εῖς	\| ἔβαλον	\| βέβληκα	\|	\|
\|	\| mid.	\|	\| βλη‑	\| βαλoῦμαι, ‑ῇ	\| ἐβαλόμην	\|	\|	\|
\|	\| pass.	\|	\|	\| βληθήσομαι	\| ἐβλήθην	\| βέβλημαι	\|	\|
\| 5 \| καλέω	\| call, name	\| καλ‑	\| καλῶ, ‑εῖς	\| ἐκάλεσα	\| κέκληκα	\|	\|
\|	\| mid.	\|	\| κλη‑	\| καλoῦμαι, ‑ῇ	\| ἐκαλεσάμην	\| κέκλημαι	\| my name is	\|
\|	\| pass.	\|	\|	\| κληθήσομαι	\| ἐκλήθην	\| κέκλημαι	\|	\|
```

(В таблице переданы формы согласно PDF; там часть ступеней сокрещена, здесь сведено компактно, без добавления новых форм.)

Additional table

Additional table

Дополнительная таблица (конец страницы 69):

markdown
| # | Verb	| Gloss	| Stem | Fut. / Fut. pass. | Aorist	| Perfect	|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 | κρίνω	| judge	| κρῑν | κρινῶ, ‑εῖς	| ἔκρῑνα	| κέκρῑκα	|
|	| pass.	|	| κριθ‑| κριθήσομαι	| ἐκρίθην	| κέκρῑμαι |
| 7 | τείνω	| stretch | τεν‑ | τενῶ, ‑εῖς	| ἔτεινα	| τέτακα	|
|	| pass.	|	| τα‑	| ταθήσομαι	| ἐτάθην	| τέταμαι	|

Дополнительная таблица (конец страницы 69):

```markdown
\| # \| Verb	\| Gloss	\| Stem \| Fut. / Fut. pass. \| Aorist	\| Perfect	\|
\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|
\| 6 \| κρίνω	\| judge	\| κρῑν \| κρινῶ, ‑εῖς	\| ἔκρῑνα	\| κέκρῑκα	\|
\|	\| pass.	\|	\| κριθ‑\| κριθήσομαι	\| ἐκρίθην	\| κέκρῑμαι \|
\| 7 \| τείνω	\| stretch \| τεν‑ \| τενῶ, ‑εῖς	\| ἔτεινα	\| τέτακα	\|
\|	\| pass.	\|	\| τα‑	\| ταθήσομαι	\| ἐτάθην	\| τέταμαι	\|